How to Make a Simple Delay Timer Circuit Using Capacitor and Transistor?
In this video, I will explain the working of the transistor timer circuit, also known as delay timer or turn on circuit, which is an example of a hobby electronic circuit that you can easily make on a breadboard and make using basic circuit elements such as BJT transistors, capacitors, LEDs, resistors and buttons. This example will be extremely useful in terms of better understanding the principle of BJT Transistor and capacitor working together. For a better understanding, I recommend that you consider the video as a whole and watch it until the end. If you watch the video until the end, you will better understand the logic of the capacitor's operation in DC. I will also show a simulation of this circuit with Proteus towards the end of the video.
A simple timer circuit is a key part of any electronic circuit that introduces a set time delay in various switching devices. This delay of several seconds or minutes becomes a key requirement to ensure the correct operation of the circuit. Without the specified delay introduced by this circuit, the device may malfunction or even be damaged. Therefore, in this project, we will use 3 2N3904 NPN transistors to design a simple timer circuit. The 2N3904 is an NPN transistor, so when the base pin is grounded, the collector and emitter will remain open (reverse biased), and shorted (forward biased) when a signal is supplied to the base pin. The gain value of 2N3904 is 300. The maximum amount of current that can flow through the collector pin is 200mA. Therefore, we cannot use this transistor to connect loads that consume more than 200mA. In order to bias the transistor, we must provide current to the base pin. The current (IB) should be limited to 5mA.
Here are the electronic components you need in the project:
1. Breadboard 1
2. Connecting Wires 1
3. 9v Battery 1
4. 2N3904 NPN Transistor 3
5.Relay DC 1
6. Push button 1
7. Diode 1N4007 1
8. LM7805 IC 1
9. Capacitor (470uF) 3
10. Resistors (470k, 47k) 3.3
Working Principle and Applications
Working Principle
This circuit is basically an enhanced version of a simple single-transistor delay circuit. When the button (S1) is momentarily pressed, the transistor Q1 receives a control signal at its base through a 47K resistor. This triggers the Q1 switch and charges the capacitors C1 and C2. Now, when the button is released to disconnect the circuit from the power source. Capacitor C2 is discharged after the delay, and then transistor Q2 is triggered to charge capacitor C3, thus introducing a further delay. Thereafter, capacitor C3 discharges and triggers transistor Q3. Subsequently, the relay coil is energized and the SPDT is switched to power the AC or DC load
Applications
It is usually used as a protection circuit to protect any electrical or electronic equipment and appliances from sudden high or unstable voltages, such as voltage stabilizers for refrigerators, UPS and PCs.
How to Make a Simple Delay Timer Circuit Using Capacitor and Transistor?
In this video, I will explain the working of the transistor timer circuit, also known as delay timer or turn on circuit, which is an example of a hobby electronic circuit that you can easily make on a breadboard and make using basic circuit elements such as BJT transistors, capacitors, LEDs, resistors and buttons. This example will be extremely useful in terms of better understanding the principle of BJT Transistor and capacitor working together. For a better understanding, I recommend that you consider the video as a whole and watch it until the end. If you watch the video until the end, you will better understand the logic of the capacitor's operation in DC. I will also show a simulation of this circuit with Proteus towards the end of the video.
A simple timer circuit is a key part of any electronic circuit that introduces a set time delay in various switching devices. This delay of several seconds or minutes becomes a key requirement to ensure the correct operation of the circuit. Without the specified delay introduced by this circuit, the device may malfunction or even be damaged. Therefore, in this project, we will use 3 2N3904 NPN transistors to design a simple timer circuit. The 2N3904 is an NPN transistor, so when the base pin is grounded, the collector and emitter will remain open (reverse biased), and shorted (forward biased) when a signal is supplied to the base pin. The gain value of 2N3904 is 300. The maximum amount of current that can flow through the collector pin is 200mA. Therefore, we cannot use this transistor to connect loads that consume more than 200mA. In order to bias the transistor, we must provide current to the base pin. The current (IB) should be limited to 5mA.
Here are the electronic components you need in the project:
1. Breadboard 1
2. Connecting Wires 1
3. 9v Battery 1
4. 2N3904 NPN Transistor 3
5.Relay DC 1
6. Push button 1
7. Diode 1N4007 1
8. LM7805 IC 1
9. Capacitor (470uF) 3
10. Resistors (470k, 47k) 3.3
Working Principle and Applications
Working Principle
This circuit is basically an enhanced version of a simple single-transistor delay circuit. When the button (S1) is momentarily pressed, the transistor Q1 receives a control signal at its base through a 47K resistor. This triggers the Q1 switch and charges the capacitors C1 and C2. Now, when the button is released to disconnect the circuit from the power source. Capacitor C2 is discharged after the delay, and then transistor Q2 is triggered to charge capacitor C3, thus introducing a further delay. Thereafter, capacitor C3 discharges and triggers transistor Q3. Subsequently, the relay coil is energized and the SPDT is switched to power the AC or DC load
Applications
It is usually used as a protection circuit to protect any electrical or electronic equipment and appliances from sudden high or unstable voltages, such as voltage stabilizers for refrigerators, UPS and PCs.
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