it’s a environmental friendly way of energy generation, and it has a great growth potential. If the idea of a clean energy generation is added to another attractive issue as the recycling, the result is a new contribution to the sustainable development. We think all these ideas shall become part of the new sybillus in technical colleges, so we have started working with final studies thesis. At the present time, we are focused in how can any small electrical motor be converted into a generator, using the bi-directional operation inherent in these machines (motor ↔ generator). The possibilities are many, because the principle of operation of these small machines can vary from one appliance to the other (universal motors, single phase induction motors, reluctance motors,...). All them are important for the knowledge of the electrical machines student. Also we find very interesting how to recycle all electrical equipment from auto-motion applications. Another part of the whole work is the design of the turbine, which shall be connected to the generator. Mainly, it can be either a micro-hydraulic turbine or a small wind turbine. We must also think in those machines that have already turbines, as fans and pumps, which can have the same bi-directional property as the electrical machine. All these machines are not complicated to make and shall have a low cost, as they are made from used equipment very easy to find anywhere. Most common applications shall be agriculture and farming, where they can be a complement of small fuel power plants, in order to save fuel or gasoline that can be expensive and difficult to find, in places as the third world. Also they can be used in any isolated spot where it is unthinkable to build a electrical distribution line. The energy generated by these devices shall always be stored in batteries or accumulators. These elements which are part of all electrical equipment in vehicles can also be recycled. It is not, at the present time, part of our studies, but batteries’ recycling is an issue that we can consider in the future. Following the same philosophy, the electronic regulation system shall be as simple and robust as possible. These characteristics lead to analogical electronic designs, due to the low and easy maintenance required and it low cost. An electrical alternator of a car, bus, lorry, tractor, is the most simple example of a device which can be easily reused to generate electrical energy, without any change. In the case depicted in fig. 1, a wind turbine drives the alternator. Other device as the tail vane for yaw control was made from a windscreen wiper of a car. The electronic regulator was entirely designed with analogical techniques, using the same principle as the one used in the vehicles. The whole machine has been designed to match the power and speed of the alternator. A small washing machine water pump was connected to the alternator shaft, intended to pump water for the irrigation of a small garden, orchard,... This device shall improve the energy conversion efficiency of the whole system, as its avoids mechanical-electrical-mechanical energy conversion losses. Stored electrical energy in batteries is necessary in this turbine, as the alternator is not self-excited. In order to test the electronic regulator, a single-phase electrical motor was used to drive the generator, simulating the power from the wind turbine. This motor can be seen in fig.1 and fig. 2, but it
was latterly dismantled. At the present time, college students from the industrial design courses are designing the nacelle that shall be placed to provide a shelter for the electric and mechanical equipment. Ceiling fans are very commonly used home appliances, consuming single–phase 230 V electrical energy. The fan is a bi-directional machine, so it can transform wind energy in mechanical energy without any change. In order to obtain electrical energy, it shall be necessary to make changes in the motor to obtain a generator. The design of these motors is very simple. They have seven- pair poles winding and an auxiliary shifted winding to create the starting torque. Both windings are fixed in the centre of the fan, and to the ceiling. The squirrel cage rotor is placed in the periphery and turn with the blades of the fan. To transform this machine into a permanent magnets generator, we fixed 14 small magnets in the rotor, which create a magnetic flux path equivalent to the one created by the coils when working as motor. Comercial type Neodymium magnets (Neo.35 20x10x2,5mm) were used. As a result of this change, an electromagnetic force proportional to the revolution speed is obtained at the terminals of the windings (see fig. 3 and 4). Figure 4 and 5 show the structure of the rotor and the stator. The air spaces needed for the two windings are the reason of distortion in the electromotive force waveform. This phenomenon is particularly intense w
it’s a environmental friendly way of energy generation, and it has a great growth potential. If the idea of a clean energy generation is added to another attractive issue as the recycling, the result is a new contribution to the sustainable development. We think all these ideas shall become part of the new sybillus in technical colleges, so we have started working with final studies thesis. At the present time, we are focused in how can any small electrical motor be converted into a generator, using the bi-directional operation inherent in these machines (motor ↔ generator). The possibilities are many, because the principle of operation of these small machines can vary from one appliance to the other (universal motors, single phase induction motors, reluctance motors,...). All them are important for the knowledge of the electrical machines student. Also we find very interesting how to recycle all electrical equipment from auto-motion applications. Another part of the whole work is the design of the turbine, which shall be connected to the generator. Mainly, it can be either a micro-hydraulic turbine or a small wind turbine. We must also think in those machines that have already turbines, as fans and pumps, which can have the same bi-directional property as the electrical machine. All these machines are not complicated to make and shall have a low cost, as they are made from used equipment very easy to find anywhere. Most common applications shall be agriculture and farming, where they can be a complement of small fuel power plants, in order to save fuel or gasoline that can be expensive and difficult to find, in places as the third world. Also they can be used in any isolated spot where it is unthinkable to build a electrical distribution line. The energy generated by these devices shall always be stored in batteries or accumulators. These elements which are part of all electrical equipment in vehicles can also be recycled. It is not, at the present time, part of our studies, but batteries’ recycling is an issue that we can consider in the future. Following the same philosophy, the electronic regulation system shall be as simple and robust as possible. These characteristics lead to analogical electronic designs, due to the low and easy maintenance required and it low cost. An electrical alternator of a car, bus, lorry, tractor, is the most simple example of a device which can be easily reused to generate electrical energy, without any change. In the case depicted in fig. 1, a wind turbine drives the alternator. Other device as the tail vane for yaw control was made from a windscreen wiper of a car. The electronic regulator was entirely designed with analogical techniques, using the same principle as the one used in the vehicles. The whole machine has been designed to match the power and speed of the alternator. A small washing machine water pump was connected to the alternator shaft, intended to pump water for the irrigation of a small garden, orchard,... This device shall improve the energy conversion efficiency of the whole system, as its avoids mechanical-electrical-mechanical energy conversion losses. Stored electrical energy in batteries is necessary in this turbine, as the alternator is not self-excited. In order to test the electronic regulator, a single-phase electrical motor was used to drive the generator, simulating the power from the wind turbine. This motor can be seen in fig.1 and fig. 2, but it
was latterly dismantled. At the present time, college students from the industrial design courses are designing the nacelle that shall be placed to provide a shelter for the electric and mechanical equipment. Ceiling fans are very commonly used home appliances, consuming single–phase 230 V electrical energy. The fan is a bi-directional machine, so it can transform wind energy in mechanical energy without any change. In order to obtain electrical energy, it shall be necessary to make changes in the motor to obtain a generator. The design of these motors is very simple. They have seven- pair poles winding and an auxiliary shifted winding to create the starting torque. Both windings are fixed in the centre of the fan, and to the ceiling. The squirrel cage rotor is placed in the periphery and turn with the blades of the fan. To transform this machine into a permanent magnets generator, we fixed 14 small magnets in the rotor, which create a magnetic flux path equivalent to the one created by the coils when working as motor. Comercial type Neodymium magnets (Neo.35 20x10x2,5mm) were used. As a result of this change, an electromagnetic force proportional to the revolution speed is obtained at the terminals of the windings (see fig. 3 and 4). Figure 4 and 5 show the structure of the rotor and the stator. The air spaces needed for the two windings are the reason of distortion in the electromotive force waveform. This phenomenon is particularly intense w
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